The Natural Philosophy of Love Classic Reprint Remy de Gourmont 9781330205181 Books
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Excerpt from The Natural Philosophy of Love
This book, which is only an essay, because its subject matter is so immense, represents, nevertheless, an ambi tion one wanted to enlarge the general psychology of love, starting it in the very beginning of male and female activity, and giving man's sexual life its place in the one plan of universal sexuality.
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The Natural Philosophy of Love Classic Reprint Remy de Gourmont 9781330205181 Books
Very difficult to follow, and not the fault or flaw of the translation. I gave up on it, frankly.Product details
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The Natural Philosophy of Love Classic Reprint Remy de Gourmont 9781330205181 Books Reviews
Even since I began my study of physics over forty years ago, I have been fascinated by the German physics community that played such a large role in the foundation of modern physics. From the discovery of quantum phenomena by Max Planck in 1900, to the early work of Einstein in 1905, to the formulation of matrix mechanics by Born and Heisenberg in 1925, and the coming of Schrodinger's wave mechanics in 1926, the German-speaking physics community played a commanding role. The coming of benighted and ignorant Nazi buffoons to power in 1933, of course, ended this golden era, and set the stage for the near destruction of all that was good and enlightened in Germany and the rest of Europe. The horrors of the ensuing Second World War set the stage for the possibility of global nuclear annihilation that haunted those who lived during the Cold War. In addition, the nuclear threat was a special concern of those in the physics community, as it was they who had unleashed the nuclear genie. This account of Born's life and thoughts is permeated with both dark reflections associated with global annihilation, as well as the joy of living in a vibrant and civilized society that valued music and art as much as science and technology.
Max Born begins this book with an account of his own life, with a special focus on the events that led him to a career in physics (pp.15-27).
His father was a professor of anatomy in the German city of Breslau, which after World War II became the Polish city of Wroclaw. In Breslau he attended what he described as "an average German gymnasium where Latin, Greek, and mathematics were the main subjects." He fondly recalls his upper level "mathematics master," named Maschke, who also taught physics and chemistry and "infected" young Born with his "enthusiasm" for science. With the help of Born and another student as his assistants, Maschke repeated for the class Marconi's experiments on wireless communication, sending a signal that was then successfully received in an adjacent classroom. Maschke was so excited by this result that he sent for the school's headmaster, a Dr. Eckard. Born's teacher and classmates, however, were disappointed "when this learned humanist remained completely indifferent and unimpressed" by this remarkable demonstration (p.16).
Born went on to attend the University of Breslau, where he was initially attracted by astronomy. Eventually he tired of the limitations of the university's poorly equipped observatory and "the endless numerical calculations" dealing with the "ephemerides of planets." Once "fed up" with astronomy, he then "concentrated on mathematics and obtained quite a solid training." Born was especially "grateful to Professor Rosanes for his introduction into linear algebra (p.17), which taught me the use of the matrix calculus, later of great value in my own research."
In addition to studying at Breslau, Born spent his summers at other universities, including Heidelberg and Zurich. At Heidelberg he met James Franck, who "became my closest friend and years later my colleague in the physics department in Gottingen." At Zurich he attended lectures on elliptic functions given by the "first-class mathematician, Hurwitz" (p.18) which "revealed to me the spirit of modern analysis."
From his friends and classmates Otto Toeplitz and Ernst Helliger, "who knew much more about mathematics than I did," Born learned that "the Mecca of German mathematics was Gottingen and three prophets lived there Felix Klein, David Hilbert, and Hermann Minkowski." As a graduate student at Gottingen, Born "attended mainly the lectures of Hilbert and Minkowski." Born soon secured the valuable position of unpaid assistant to Hilbert (p.19). He also impressed Klein with a report that he wrote on elasticity theory (p.20), but demurred in submitting this paper for an annual university prize competition (which Born did end up winning)--thereby finding himself "in disgrace with Klein for a long time." Due to this conflict with Klein, Born decided that he should not "risk being examined by [Klein] in geometry, so I switch to astronomy." Fortunately, he got on quite well with the professor of astronomy Karl Schwartzschild, who is famous for his 1915 calculation of the Schwartzschild Radius for black holes (p.21). With Schwartzschild bringing Born's "knowledge of astronomy up to date," he received his Ph.D. from Gottingen in 1907.
While as a graduate student in Gottingen, Born also benefited from lectures on optics from Woldemar Voigt, which later informed his own lectures on this subject and his famous textbook on optics (p.22). He was also interested in the philosophical background of science and listened to the lectures of Husserl. He also enjoyed discussions with Constantine Caratheodory and his theoretical formulation of thermodynamics.
Born's next position was as an advanced student at Cambridge University (p.24). Though unimpressed by British theoretical ideas, he found J. J. Thompson's experiments very exciting. This stint at Cambridge was followed by a return to Breslau, where he worked with Lummer and Prugheim on measurements of black body radiation, and discovered Einstein's 1905 paper on special relativity. Born then combined the ideas of Einstein with those of Minkowski to calculate the electromagnetic self-energy of the electron, a result which he sent to Minkowski, who then invited him back to Gottingen to serve as his assistant starting in 1908 (p.25). Soon he was promoted to lecturer, a position also held by Otto Toeplitz, Richard Courant and Hermann Wehl. Until he was married in 1913, Born shared a house with Theodor von Karman. During his time as a lecturer at Gottingen, Born met Einstein for the first time at the scientific congress at Salzburg (p.26). He also embarked on a study of x-ray diffraction with von Karman using the group theoretical ideas of Schoenfliess and Feodorov.
In 1914 Born accepted an Professorship in Berlin in order to take some of the teaching burden from the shoulders of Max Planck (p.28). His career was soon interrupted by World War I, which made it necessary that he direction his efforts a improving the ranging of artillery (p.29). After the war he agreed to leave Berlin for Frankfurt (p.30).
Born's career landed him again in Gottingen in the early 1920's (p.32). There he was fortunate to have the brilliant assistants Werner Heisenberg and Wolfgang Pauli (p.33). The fame that their seminal work brought Born, however, eventually proved overwhelming. The flood of young visiting physicists from all over the world, including America (such as J. Robert Oppenheimer), led to so many exhausting nocturnal discussions that Born succumbed to a nervous breakdown in 1928 (p.37). Although forced to give up teaching a research for a year or so, Born found relaxation fashioning his lectures on optics into his famous textbook!
Very difficult to follow, and not the fault or flaw of the translation. I gave up on it, frankly.
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